DV Journal

His father’s skills as an electrician and auto mechanic likely saved Peter Stern’s life during the Holocaust.

Stern discussed his experience as a German Jewish child who survived the Holocaust with the Anti-Defamation League Main Line Community Action Group on Tuesday.

“When we do a program, we tell students they are the last generation to meet a survivor,” said Lise Marlowe with the Holocaust Awareness Museum and Education Center (HAMEC). “And once you meet a survivor, it’s your responsibility to tell their story. It’s also your responsibility to stand up and speak up to those Holocaust deniers that, sadly, they will meet in the world.”

She noted the Nazis killed 94 percent of the Jewish children in Europe because they couldn’t work as slaves. Before World War II, there were 1.6 million Jewish children in Europe, and the Nazis killed 1.5 million.

Stern, a Lower Merion resident, said his family lived in Nuremberg, Germany.

Stern, who was born in 1936, has a given name of Peter, but his brother, who was born three years later, is Samuel.

“The reason that I have an Aryan name and my brother does not is the Nuremberg Laws that were passed in 1935,” said Stern. These were laws passed to restrict Jews from various aspects of life, including practicing medicine or law. One law said that Jewish children “born in Germany had to have Jewish names.”

While the laws were passed in 1935, the Olympics were held in Berlin in 1936, and the Nazis “did not want that bad PR,” so they weren’t enforced until after the Olympics.

His dad, an electrician, owned an auto mechanic business, but because of the Nuremberg Laws, he had to sell it. Their family was forced to go live in a “Jew house” with four or five other families in an area near the train tracks. But his father found a job at a Jewish school teaching boys how to be mechanics.

In November 1941, Stern’s family was deported to Riga, Latvia. He was 6 years old.

“The term used was ‘resettlement,’” said Stern. “It was something the Jews in Germany believed was true. [But] it was a euphemism for murder.

“When we got there, that train, all the people were taken to a place called Jungfrenhof, which was the first concentration camp in Riga,” said Stern.

It was a former farm. It was snowy and cold. They marched to old stone barns with no heat or running water. Close to 4,000 people were in that camp. By the end of the war, only 149 survived.

But his family was sent to the Riga Ghetto shortly afterward.  In the forest outside Riga, the Nazis had marched 20,000 people into the woods and killed them to make room in the ghetto for more people. On a map, Stern showed sites of Nazi slaughters around Europe and concentration camps, “really killing camps.”

Then, his family went to an apartment building where German soldiers also lived. His father would take his students to fix German army vehicles. Others living in the house sorted the clothing of the people who were killed. After a few months, his family was sent to Russia, where his father and the mechanic students fixed German army vehicles. Stern and his brother played with German officers’ children.

At one point, his father was taken to fix vehicles closer to the front, where an attack took place. His father rescued the German commander and an officer, he said.

The Germans began retreating and took Stern’s family with them.

“We were sent to the Men’s Civil Prison in Riga. And for three months, we lived in one cell, on the second or third floor,” he said. In December 1943, they were put into a basement cell.

“This is the first time I truly remember my parents being scared,” he said.

The soldiers then took them back to Germany, riding in truckloads of clothing. They would hide underneath the clothing at checkpoints. In Berlin, they were brought before a judge who scolded his parents and sent his father to Buchenwald, where he died of typhus.

Stern, his mother, and his brother were interned in Ravensbruck, the only women’s concentration camp. There Nazi doctors performed medical experiments on some inmates. A gas chamber and crematorium were on the grounds.

As the Russian army approached, the Sterns were loaded on a cattle car to Bergen-Belsen, another concentration camp, where the conditions were even harsher.

“On April 15, 1945, we were rescued,” said Stern. He was 9 years old when his family was liberated. His mother had brothers in the U.S., and they were eventually able to emigrate. Stern studied metallurgy and became a science teacher in Connecticut, retiring after 30 years. Stern and his wife, Julie, have a grown son.

Stern didn’t talk about the Holocaust for many years, nor did his mother, who remarried. As an adult, he continued to take courses and one was on fascism. The professor assigned a paper on the Holocaust.

“I couldn’t do it. I approached him. He said, ‘Could you write about what you went through.’ And I did. I didn’t truly start talking [about the Holocaust] until after I wrote that in 1985…I started to speak and never stopped.”

About the recent increase of antisemitism in the U.S., he said, “In some ways, I’m scared sh**less, OK? But it isn’t just a question of antisemitism. It’s the ‘anti’ aspect and what kids will do. They will pick on weakness.”

“There’s a word we have that we should all start to believe in and use, and that word is empathy.”

Hatboro resident Daniel Goldsmith spent World War II living in fear while he hid from Nazi soldiers in his native Belgium.

Goldsmith, 90, now tells students about what happened to him during the Holocaust through the Holocaust Awareness Museum and Education Center (HAMEC) at Keneseth Israel in Elkins Park. Goldsmith tells his story so the younger generation will know what happens when people hate.  Recently, Goldsmith spoke to Delaware Valley Journal while filming a documentary with filmmakers Jill Frechie and John Ricciutti of Main Line TV.

In May 1940 Nazi soldiers invaded Belgium. Goldsmith, his parents, Ruchel and Chaim, and his baby sister, Lillian, fled Antwerp on foot but did not get far before they were caught. They returned to their house and “tried to re-establish a normal life,” he said.

Filmmakers John Riccuitti and Jill Frechie, with Holocaust survivor Daniel Goldsmith

“But very soon the Germans came out with the anti-Jewish decrees. The decrees were very severe and very cleverly done over a period of time. They restricted our movements and our civil rights.”

“Teachers, doctors and lawyers were eliminated from their professions,” he said.  Jewish business owners had to put up signs that the business, showing that was owned by Jews. Gentiles were told not to shop there. Then, they imposed a curfew.

“Just because we were Jewish, we could no longer enter public places,” like parks, movies or museums, he said. Jewish children were barred from public schools and Jews were made to wear yellow stars.

“I remember wearing my yellow star on my jacket,” he said. “In the beginning of 1942, my father was given a notice in the mail to go to a forced labor camp. I remember my parents discussing it.”

“He felt he could survive,” said Goldsmith, because he was only 39 and strong. “There were two things (his parents) didn’t know. Number one: the existence of concentration camps. Number two: the initiation of ‘The Final Solution,’ which was the total destruction of the Jewish population in Europe.”

On Aug. 15, 1942, his mother, sister and 10-year-old Goldsmith went to the train station to say goodbye to his father. It was the last time he saw his dad, who the Nazis sent to Auschwitz, after the work camp.

“It was a scene that I will never forget,” said Goldsmith. “There were thousands of people there, saying goodbye to their loved ones, a lot of hugging and kissing.”

“Most of all, I remember the words my father said to me: ‘You’re the little man of the house now. So you have to help take care of your mother and sister.’”

Soon afterward, in the middle of the night, military trucks blocked their street at both ends, and Nazi soldiers went door to door dragging out Jewish families.

“It was very, very easy for them because we had registered,” said Goldsmith. “They knew exactly where we lived.”

The attic where Danny hid

His mother’s bedroom was in the front of the house and she heard the noise and commotion and looked out the window and saw what was going on. She grabbed a blanket, him and his sister. She hurried them up a ladder and through a skylight to the roof.  They laid down flat behind the cornice that hid them. Eventually, they heard the soldiers break down their door and a lot of noise in the house below.  One German soldier went up the ladder and checked the roof but did not see them in the darkness, hiding under the blanket.  They waited until the noise was over and went back down to see the soldiers had wrecked their house.

His mother knew a neighbor who was a police officer but also a member of the Belgium underground and went to him for help. He smuggled the family to a Catholic convent. There his mother left the children.  Years later Goldsmith learned that she also joined the resistance, becoming a messenger.

His mother told him to do whatever he had to to survive, so although they were Orthodox, he ate non-kosher food.

“Only Mother Superior knew who we were,” he said.  Around Christmas time, his mother came because she’d learned that convent was about to be raided by the Nazis. So she took her children and warned the mother superior about the raid, possibly saving the lives of other Jewish children and the nuns who harbored them.

A gentile family took in Lillian and his mom sent Goldsmith to a Catholic boys’ orphanage. The priest in charge gave him a false baptismal certificate and changed his name.

“He figured it was too dangerous for me to stay there for too long, and he switched me to another orphanage that he ran.

“I continued being a good Catholic,” he said. “I went to church every day. And in the second orphanage, I even became an altar boy. I went to parochial school.”

But the Nazi soldiers raided that orphanage in May 1944.  They had all the boys undress and only the Jewish boys were circumcised.

After questioning, the boys were put on a freight train with other Jewish children. On their cattle car was a 16-year-old boy named Joseph who had hidden a metal rod in his boot.  He began prying off the wooden boards as the train rolled along.

Joseph told the boys they would need to jump when the train slowed down and that they should roll away from the tracks so they wouldn’t get hurt. Goldsmith was afraid to jump through the opening, but Joseph grabbed him and threw him off.  The boys found a place to hide but had no water or food. They were cut and bruised and their cuts began to get infected.

Joseph walked to a nearby village, went to the rectory, and asked a priest for help. The priest placed each boy with a Catholic family in the village.  A family hid Goldsmith in their attic and he could only come out at night “for some fresh air.”

Shortly before the war ended, his mother was injured by Allied bombs that struck the town of Namur.  She lost a leg and nearly bled to death.

“In the fall of 1944 we were liberated by the American soldiers,” he said. He found his mother and reunited with her through the Belgium Red Cross.

Before the war, an uncle had immigrated to America and through his auspices, Goldsmith and his mother and sister were able to come to America when the war ended.

That uncle, who served in the U.S. Army and sought out the family, was also able to retrieve Lillian because the family who she was living with refused to give her back to their mother.

Eventually, Goldsmith found records at the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. that showed his father died at Auschwitz, gassed by the Nazis shortly after his arrival. He is still amazed that the Nazis kept such detailed records of their atrocities.

Once in the U.S., Goldsmith quickly learned English. He lived the American Dream, first in New York, then moving to the Delaware Valley in 1983 when his company transferred him to Horsham.

Goldsmith and his former wife, Susan, had three children, Tamar, Hy,and Ira, who died when he was in his 30s.  Goldsmith has four grandchildren.

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